His The Mysterie of God is apparently the first English language book on Universalism.
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A66686.0001.001?view=toc
His political views also interest me, I'll be writing more on him in the future.
Thursday, June 30, 2016
Monday, June 13, 2016
Right now there is a war between Two Enemies of Freedom
One side wanting to take our Second Amendment rights and the other First Amendment rights.
One side taking advantage of irrational fear of guns and the other of irrational fear of Muslims.
Make no mistake that both sides are equally wrong.
Just say no to giving up Liberty for Safety and Security.
One side taking advantage of irrational fear of guns and the other of irrational fear of Muslims.
Make no mistake that both sides are equally wrong.
Just say no to giving up Liberty for Safety and Security.
Wednesday, June 1, 2016
Deutercanonical books
A claim often made to undermine the logic of Sola Sciptura, especially towards KJV proponents, is that the KJV "originally had 12 extra books".
Leaving aside that the KJV translators and publishers clearly didn't intend to endorse them as canonical since they were put in a separate section titled "The Apocrypha", not Canon is what "Apocrypha" means. They were the 1611 equivalent of DVD bonus features.
It is not the KJV itself I consider God's inspired word but the Masoretic Text for the Hebrew Bible and Textus Receptus for the Greek New Testament. The Deuterocanonical books are part of neither of those but are preserved for us mainly via Septuagint manuscripts, which I don't trust.
The desire to make it sound like Protestants and Evangelicals are the ones picking and choosing I find annoying because the Catholic Bibles do NOT keep all 12 of those books, only some of them.
The first time one of them was quoted by a Catholic while debating Martin Luther, he responded "since when is that in The Bible?" While these books were around, they were never considered of equal authority. It was in response to the Reformation some started being propped up more.
The Catholic Church choose to keep in their Bible ones that they could take as supporting their positions on issues like Prayer for the Dead, but rejected ones that contradicted their views on those issues. If Protestants were also picking and choosing you'd think they'd have kept the ones the Catholic Church rejected.
While the books of Maccabees are most interesting to us today for being our oldest historical source on the origins of Hanukkah, and the Hasmonean revolt. I suspect the Catholic Church kept them because of parts like First Maccabees chapter 8 that really praised Rome. I personally think chapter 8 is where the Hasmoneans started going wrong.
2 Esdras (also called 4th Esdras by languages that call the Canonical Ezra and Nehemiah 1 and 2 Esdras). Is infamous for the Prophecies it gives, some of which I have and will in the future mention for the sake of curiosity on my Prophecy Blog. But the book is dangerous because of a strong Anti-Semitic tone it has.
Judith and Tobit are interesting historical oddities that often come up in talks on Revised Chronology and also Lost Tribes speculation (which one of the 2nd Esdras Prophecies is also a part of). If they ever were reliable histories the versions we have are clearly corrupt, being filled with confusing geographical contradictions and historical anachronisms.
There are three more books also grouped with the Deutrcanonical books though they are not among the 12 included in the 1611 KJV, or in any Catholic Bibles, but they are popular in the Eastern Churches.
They are 3 Maccabees, 4 Maccabees and Psalm 151.
Psalm 151 doesn't seem to say anything particularly interesting. But it's amusing to me that it makes the Psalms like the original Pokemon. 150 are all you need, but there is also an extra.
4 Maccabees is a poetic elaboration on a story found in 2 Maccabees.
3 Maccabees however is not about the history it's title would make you think. It is clearly a work of Prose Fiction written by Alexandrian Jews during the time of Caligula about Alexandrian Jews during the time of Ptolemy IV Philopater.
It has an attempt to do an Abomination of Desolation qualifying event but gets thwarted. Then later Ptolemy tries to massacre the Alexandrian Jews with drunk elephants.
Something similar to the latter is mentioned by Josephus in Against Apion as being tried by Ptolemy VIII Psycon. I find it amusing how Ussher and many others since think Josephus must be mistaken on which Ptolemy did this, since 3 Maccabees is clearly a literary narrative, and Jospehus goal in Against Apion was documenting things the Greek Alexandrians could verify from their own (now lost to us) historical records. Now it's possible similar incidents could have been tried by both Kings since History does repeat itself, but if only one is true it's Ptolemy VIII.
So those are my thoughts on this collection of Apocrypha. They're interesting sources of information, but not Inspired Scripture.
Update August 13th 2018: The Nazarene Judaism Website wants to affirm the Apocrypha via apparent quotations of Wisdom of Solomon in Romans. However many Scholars who see that connection see it as Paul quoting the ideology reflected in Wisdom of Solomon in order to then refute it.
http://theogeek.blogspot.com/2008/07/romans-118-32-and-wisdom-of-solomon.html
http://www.realdevil.info/dig2.htm
http://themelios.thegospelcoalition.org/review/god-grace-righteousness-in-wisdom-of-solomon-and-paul-jonathan-linebaugh
This is a subject I've spoken on before, like in the Romans part of The Bible does not Condemn Homosexuality. Romans 1:18-32 use of "Para Phusis" as if it's inherently Bad is refuted by Paul's using "Para Phusis" in Romans 11 to describe what God does grafting Gentiles into Israel.
Update November 2018: Early Christian Canons
The earliest source on what Christian viewed as Canon for the Old Testament is the Bryennios List. It was possibly written in the late first or early second century. The only thing in that list viewed as a possible endorsement of a Deuterocanonical book is "2 of Esdras" but in Greek Nehemiah was often called 2 Esdras, and in Hebrew Ezra and Nehemiah were often the same scroll, so this reference is very likely just to those two books. Likewise Lamentations is probably only missing because it shared a Scroll with Jeremiah.
It's with Origen that we begin seeing Christians treat Deuterocanonical Septuagint books as Scripture, with him even saying Christians accept books the Jews do not. I like Origen in some areas, but it's with him and his mentor Clement we begin seeing a massive escalation in the Hellenization of Christianity.
Leaving aside that the KJV translators and publishers clearly didn't intend to endorse them as canonical since they were put in a separate section titled "The Apocrypha", not Canon is what "Apocrypha" means. They were the 1611 equivalent of DVD bonus features.
It is not the KJV itself I consider God's inspired word but the Masoretic Text for the Hebrew Bible and Textus Receptus for the Greek New Testament. The Deuterocanonical books are part of neither of those but are preserved for us mainly via Septuagint manuscripts, which I don't trust.
The desire to make it sound like Protestants and Evangelicals are the ones picking and choosing I find annoying because the Catholic Bibles do NOT keep all 12 of those books, only some of them.
The first time one of them was quoted by a Catholic while debating Martin Luther, he responded "since when is that in The Bible?" While these books were around, they were never considered of equal authority. It was in response to the Reformation some started being propped up more.
The Catholic Church choose to keep in their Bible ones that they could take as supporting their positions on issues like Prayer for the Dead, but rejected ones that contradicted their views on those issues. If Protestants were also picking and choosing you'd think they'd have kept the ones the Catholic Church rejected.
While the books of Maccabees are most interesting to us today for being our oldest historical source on the origins of Hanukkah, and the Hasmonean revolt. I suspect the Catholic Church kept them because of parts like First Maccabees chapter 8 that really praised Rome. I personally think chapter 8 is where the Hasmoneans started going wrong.
2 Esdras (also called 4th Esdras by languages that call the Canonical Ezra and Nehemiah 1 and 2 Esdras). Is infamous for the Prophecies it gives, some of which I have and will in the future mention for the sake of curiosity on my Prophecy Blog. But the book is dangerous because of a strong Anti-Semitic tone it has.
Judith and Tobit are interesting historical oddities that often come up in talks on Revised Chronology and also Lost Tribes speculation (which one of the 2nd Esdras Prophecies is also a part of). If they ever were reliable histories the versions we have are clearly corrupt, being filled with confusing geographical contradictions and historical anachronisms.
There are three more books also grouped with the Deutrcanonical books though they are not among the 12 included in the 1611 KJV, or in any Catholic Bibles, but they are popular in the Eastern Churches.
They are 3 Maccabees, 4 Maccabees and Psalm 151.
Psalm 151 doesn't seem to say anything particularly interesting. But it's amusing to me that it makes the Psalms like the original Pokemon. 150 are all you need, but there is also an extra.
4 Maccabees is a poetic elaboration on a story found in 2 Maccabees.
3 Maccabees however is not about the history it's title would make you think. It is clearly a work of Prose Fiction written by Alexandrian Jews during the time of Caligula about Alexandrian Jews during the time of Ptolemy IV Philopater.
It has an attempt to do an Abomination of Desolation qualifying event but gets thwarted. Then later Ptolemy tries to massacre the Alexandrian Jews with drunk elephants.
Something similar to the latter is mentioned by Josephus in Against Apion as being tried by Ptolemy VIII Psycon. I find it amusing how Ussher and many others since think Josephus must be mistaken on which Ptolemy did this, since 3 Maccabees is clearly a literary narrative, and Jospehus goal in Against Apion was documenting things the Greek Alexandrians could verify from their own (now lost to us) historical records. Now it's possible similar incidents could have been tried by both Kings since History does repeat itself, but if only one is true it's Ptolemy VIII.
So those are my thoughts on this collection of Apocrypha. They're interesting sources of information, but not Inspired Scripture.
Update August 13th 2018: The Nazarene Judaism Website wants to affirm the Apocrypha via apparent quotations of Wisdom of Solomon in Romans. However many Scholars who see that connection see it as Paul quoting the ideology reflected in Wisdom of Solomon in order to then refute it.
http://theogeek.blogspot.com/2008/07/romans-118-32-and-wisdom-of-solomon.html
http://www.realdevil.info/dig2.htm
http://themelios.thegospelcoalition.org/review/god-grace-righteousness-in-wisdom-of-solomon-and-paul-jonathan-linebaugh
This is a subject I've spoken on before, like in the Romans part of The Bible does not Condemn Homosexuality. Romans 1:18-32 use of "Para Phusis" as if it's inherently Bad is refuted by Paul's using "Para Phusis" in Romans 11 to describe what God does grafting Gentiles into Israel.
Update November 2018: Early Christian Canons
The earliest source on what Christian viewed as Canon for the Old Testament is the Bryennios List. It was possibly written in the late first or early second century. The only thing in that list viewed as a possible endorsement of a Deuterocanonical book is "2 of Esdras" but in Greek Nehemiah was often called 2 Esdras, and in Hebrew Ezra and Nehemiah were often the same scroll, so this reference is very likely just to those two books. Likewise Lamentations is probably only missing because it shared a Scroll with Jeremiah.
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Jesus Nave, Deuteronomy, Numbers, Judges, Ruth, 4 of Kings (Samuel and Kings), 2 of Chronicles, 2 of Esdras, Esther, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Job, Minor prophets, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel.Melito's Old Testament Canon is the other oldest Christian one and is also pretty much ours but with Esther neglected. Again Nehemiah and Lamentations are missing due to their sharing scrolls with Ezra and Jeremiah. The only possible reference to a Deuterocanonical book there is Wisdom, but again that is disputed, it's possible he was still talking about Proverbs which is also largely about Wisdom.
Melito's list, as cited by Eusebius, as follows:The Murtarian Canon mentions Wisdom of Solomon but strangely does so in a New Testament canon list. Wisdom seems to be the most popular for Christians to accept, and I think it was because many missed how Paul's use of it in Romans was to refute it.
Of Moses, five books: Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Leviticus, Deuteronomy; Jesus Nave, Judges, Ruth; of Kings, four books; of Chronicles, two; the Psalms of David, the Proverbs of Solomon, Wisdom also, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Job; of Prophets, Isaiah, Jeremiah; of the twelve prophets, one book; Daniel, Ezekiel, Esdras.
It's with Origen that we begin seeing Christians treat Deuterocanonical Septuagint books as Scripture, with him even saying Christians accept books the Jews do not. I like Origen in some areas, but it's with him and his mentor Clement we begin seeing a massive escalation in the Hellenization of Christianity.
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